cf7 ljBfyL{ ;+u7gåf/f cfGbf]ngsf] r]tfjgL
sf7df8f}+ . lqe'jg
ljZjljBfnon] ljgf tof/L / s;};Fu 5nkmn ;d]t gu/L cab]lv k|jL0ftf
k|df0fkq txdf egf{ glng] lg0f{osf lj?4 cf7 ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] cfGbf]ngdf
pqg] wDsL lbPsf 5g\ .
lqljlj=n] k|df0fkq
tx x6fpg] lg0f{o tTsfn vf/]h gu/] s8f cfGbf]ngdf pqg] ;xdlt a'waf/ cf7
ljBfyL{ ;+u7gaLr ePsf] 5 . clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf] cu'jfO{df ePsf] 5nkmnsf
qmddf g]lj;+3, cg]/f:jljo'nufotsf ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] ;xdlt hgfPsf x'g\ .
pgLx?n] pRr dfljsf] k/LIff z'Ns cToflws dx+uf] /x]sf] x'Fbf ul/a ljBfyL{]
pRr lzIff k9\g kfpg] cj;/af6 jl~rt x'g'kg]{ eGb} ;/sf/n] sIff !@ ;Ddsf]
lzIffnfO{ lgz'Ns agfPkl5 dfq} k|df0fkq vf/]h ug{ cfu|x u/]sf x'g\ .
jfO{;LPn
/ :yfgLoaf;LaLr le8Gt, alb{of tgfju|:t, /fhdfu{ cj?4
sf7df8f} .
dfcf]jfbLsf] n8fs" ;+u7g jfO{;LPnn] :yfgLo Ps o'jsnfO{ rf]/Lsf] cf/f]kdf
s'6lk6 u/L k|x/LnfO{ a'emfPkl5 alb{ofsf] sf]l7of3f6df :yfgLoaf;L / k|x/LaLr
em8k ePsf] 5 .
em8kn] pu|?k lng
yfn]kl5 k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{sf ;fy} alb{of sf]l7of3f6 ;8s v08 cj?4 ePsf]
atfOPsf] 5 . jfO{;LPnn] :yfgLo o'js uf]kfn t]nLnfO{ rf]/Lsf] cf/f]k
nufpFb} lg3f{t s'6lk6 u/L a'waf/ ;fFem k|x/LnfO{ a'emfPsf] lyof] . jfO{;LPn4f/f
s'6lk6 ul/Psf o'js t]nL rf]/L ePsf] ;dodf ;b/d'sfd u'nl/ofdf /x]sf]
k'li6 eO;s]sf] / pgL lgbf]{if /x]sf] eGbf eGb} klg jfO{;LPnn] lg3f{t
s'6lk6 u/]sf] lj/f]wdf :yfgLoaf;L jfO{;LPnsf] k|ltsf/df plqPsf lyP . :yfgLoaf;L
/ jfO{;LPnaLr lxhf] ;fFem klg em8k;d]t ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . cfh laxfg}b]lv
dfcf]jfbL HofbtLsf lj?4 :yfgLoaf;L k|ltsf/df plqPkl5 alb{ofsf] hghLjg
tgfju|:t x'g k'u]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
gfu9'+ufdf hfd
sf7df8f}+ . lxhf] ;fFem
/fhwfgL lelqg] k|d'v gfsf gfu9'+ufdf Ps l6Kk/n] ldlga;nfO{ 7Ss/ lbPkl5 /fhwfgL
lelqg] / aflxl/g] ;jf/L;fwg /f]lsg k'u]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . l6Kk/n]
ldlga;nfO{ 7Ss/ lbO{ aLr ;8sdf g} uf8L 5f]8]/ rfns km/f/ ePkl5 oftfoft
cj?4 x'g k'u]sf] xf] . 6«flkms k|x/L]n] cfh laxfg b'3{6gfdf k/]sf ;jf/L
;fwgnfO{ ;fO8 nufPkl5 PstkmL{ ?kdf oftfoft cfjfudg ;'rf? agfPsf] atfOPsf]
5 .
ptf, jL/uGhsf] gofF
a;kfs{df k|x/Ln] oftfoft dhb'/nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf] lj/f]wdf oftfoftsdL{n]
a'waf/ rSsfhfd u/]sf 5g\ . laxfg cf7 ah]af6 ;'? ePsf] rSsfhfdsf sf/0f jL/uGhdf
oftfoft cfjfudg 7Kk ePsf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] a;kfs{df r08]Zj/L 6«feN;sf
sd{rf/LnfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf] cf/f]k oftfoftsdL{sf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ dfn;fdfg
n}hfg gdfg]sf] eGb} k|x/Ln] sd{rf/L /fh' 7s'/LnfO{ s'6]s]f pgLx¿n]
atfPsf 5g\ .
km]l/
Po/kf]6{df ad e]l6of]
sf7df8f}+ . Ps ;ftf
cl3 ;+v'jf;efsf] t'lDnª6f/ ljdfg:yn d"nu]6;Fu} ad ePsf] afs; km]nf k/]sf]
nfdf] ;dokl5 lgliqmo kf/]nuQ} a'waf/ km]l/ ;f]xL :yfgdf b'O{ yfg ad
km]nf k/]sf] 5 .
ljdfg:yn d"nu]6sf]
blIf0fkl§ efudf ad km]nf k/]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . ad km]nf k/]kl5
d"nu]6sf] af6f] aGb u/]/ j}slNks af6f] agfP/ Po/kf]6{ hfg] cfpg] Joj:yf
ldnfOPsf] 5 . >[v+nfa4 ?kdf Po/kf]6{df ad km]nf yfn]kl5 t'lDnª6f/
ljdfg:yndf ;'/Iff Joj:yf s8f kfl/Psf] 5 .
ptf, uf]/vfsf]
efn':jfF/f–jf/kfs ;8s cfof]hgf sfof{nodf d+unaf/ ad lj:kmf]6 ePsf] 5 .
uf]/vf gu/kflnsf ( 5]k]6f/l:yt sfof{nodf /flt ! ah]lt/ % hgfsf] ;d"xn]
;'tnL ad lj:kmf]6 u/fPsf x'g\ . 7]Ssfk§fdf x'g] e|i6frf/ / ljs[lt
lj;+ult cGTosf] dfu ub}{ uf]/vf 6fOu;{ ;+u7gn]] lj:kmf]6 u/fPsf] k|x/Ln]
hgfPsf] 5 . 7]Ssfsf] # k|ltzt /sd kfpg'kg]{ dfu /fVb} ul/Psf] lj:kmf]6df
dfgjLo / ef}lts Iflt eg] ePsf] 5}g . lj:kmf]6df ;+nUg /x]sf] z+sfdf :yfgLo
% o'jfnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
lx/f;tleq}af6 l8cfO{hL / P;kLnfO{ uf]nL 7f]Sg] wDsL
sf7df8f}+ . ljeT;
9+uaf6 xTof ul/PsL 5fqf VoftL >]i7sf] z/L/sf ;Dk"0f{ efu km]nf k/]sf]
5 . VoftLsf] 6fpsf] /fhwfgLsf] d'8\v'sf] h+undf e]l6kl5 pgsf] z/L/sf ;a}
c+u km]nf kfl/Psf] xf] .
q'm/ xTof/f lj/]g
>]i7n] VoftLsf] z/L/nfO{ !) 6'qmf kf/L xft, v'§fnfO{ lrtjgsf] sljnf;
uflj;df kf]sf] kf/L km\ofFs]sf], z/L/sf] luF9nfO{ nlntk'/sf] ;+}a'df km\ofFs]sf]
e]l6P klg 6fpsf] km]nf kfg{ ;lsPsf] lyPg t/, cleo'Qmsf] aofg kZrft\ k|x/Ln]
afFsL /x]sf] 6fpsf] d'8\v' h+undf km]nf kfl/Psf] atfOsf] 5 . e]l6Psf
;a} z/L/sf 6'qmfnfO{ k/LIf0fsf lglDt lzIf0f c:ktfndf /flvPsf] 5 .
cleo'Qmn] d[tssf]
kl/jf/;Fu c;'n]sf] bz nfv ?k}ofFdWo] ( nfv !) xhf/ !) ?k}ofF klg a/fdb
ePsf] atfOPsf] 5 . k|x/Lsf cg';f/ cleo'Qm lj/]g >]i7sf] sf]7faf6 %) xhf/,
vNtLaf6 #% xhf/ / pgnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ d]l/gf zfSosf] sf]7faf6 tLg nfv %)
xhf/ / p;sf] ;fydf !^ xhf/ !) ?k}ofFsf ;fy} cleo'Qm >]i7n] g]kfn kmfOgfG;
P08 sf]–ck/]l6edf /fv]sf] rf/ nfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF a/fdb ePsf] xf] . afFsL
/x]sf] sl/a () xhf/ ?k}ofF cleo'Qmn] sxfF vr{ u/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f v'Ng ;s]sf]
5|}g .
k|x/L lx/f;tdf /x]sf]
h3Go ck/fwL >]i7n] lx/f;tleq ljleGg lsl;dsf xs{t b]vfpg'sf ;fy} k|x/Lsf
pRr clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ klg Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbO/x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 . k|x/L ;|f]tsf
cg';f/ cg';Gwfgdf ;lqmo l8cfO{hL / P;kLnfO{ cleo'Qmn] æd aflx/ lgl:sPkl5
ltdLx¿nfO{ uf]nL 7f]s]/ df5'{Æ eGg] wDsL lbO/x]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
p;n] leQfdf 6fpsf]
aemf/]/ km'6fpg vf]Hg] xs{t ug{ yfn]kl5 k|x/Ln] rf}la;} 3G6f xts8L nufP/
/fv]sf] 5 eg], lb;f lk;fa ug{ hfFbf klg s8f lgu/fgL ug{ k|x/Lsf] 5'§}
6f]nL g} kl/rflnt u/]sf] a'lemPsf] 5 .
z}nhfsf] zf]s;efdf g]tfx¿aLr h'xf/L
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfnL
/fhgLlts Oltxf;sL lj/+ugf Pj+ sf+u|]; g]t[ z}nhf cfrfo{sf] zf]s;efdf
sf+u|];sf g]tfx¿aLr a'waf/ h'xf/L rNg k'Uof] .
sf+u|]; g]t[Tjsf]
:j]R5frf/L k|j[lQ / ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] sdhf]/Lsf af/] sf+u|];
s]Gb|Lo ;b:o v'daxfb'/ v8\sfn] ;Qf];/fk u/]kl5 To;sf] k|ltsf/df pk;efklt
k|sfzdfg l;+x 9fn ag]/ k|:t't ePkl5 g]tfx¿aLr h'xf/L rn]sf] lyof] . v8\sfn]
sf+u|];sf] gLlt / g]t[Tjsf] af/]df hlt l6Kk0fL u/] To;sf] Ps Ps hjfkm
k|sfzdfg l;+xn] lbP/ sf]O/fnfsf] arfpm u/]sf lyP . sf+u|];n] ;fxl;s
g]t[sf ?kdf hlt xNnLvNnL u/] klg cfrfo{k|lt zf]s ;efdf sf+u|];sf
g]tfx¿sf] eg], Go"g pkl:yltn] ljutsf lbgdf z}nhfk|lt lbPsf] >4f~hln lg/y{s
/x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . lxhf]sf] zf]s;ef sfo{qmddf kf6L{ ;efklt
lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, jl/i7 g]tf z]/axfb'/ b]pjf nufot clwsf+z zLif{:y
g]tfx¿ ;xefuL k'u]/ >4f~hln lbg] cfjZoQf b]vfPgg\ eg] sf+u|];sf
dGqLx?dWo] b'O{hgf dGqL dfq} zf]s;efdf ;xefuL ePsf lyP .
e'nSs8 dGqLsf] ufO{hfqf
sf7df8f}+ . dGqLsf
nflu lvrftfgL eO/x]sf] dw]zjfbL bn dWosf] t/fO{ dw]z nf]stflGqs kf6L{sf
tkm{af6 pBf]udGqLdf l;kmfl/; ePsf dx]Gb| /fo ofbjn] dGqLsf] zky u|x0f ug{
g} e'n]/ ufO{hfqf b]vfPsf 5g\ .ofbjn] cfkm" dGqL ag]sf] s'/f g} la;{bf
zky u|x0f ug{ kfPgg\ .
k|fKt hfgsf/L
cg';f/ a'waf/ laxfgdfq} dGqL aGg] hfgsf/L kfPsf pgnfO{ kf6L{ sfof{noaf6
lbpF;f]] tLg ah] /fi6«klt sfof{nodf zky u|x0fdf hfg elgPsf] lyof] . t/,
ofbjn] eg] lal;{{P/ zky u|x0f ug]{ a]nfdf dfq} kf6L{ sfof{nodf ;Dks{ u/]sf
lyP . pgn] cfkm"n] vfgf klg gvfPsf] / g'xfPsf] klg gx'Fbf zky u|x0f ug{
g;Sg] hfgsf/L u/fP kl5 pgsf] zky u|x0f tflnsf /2 ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 .
dGqL kbsf] zky
u|x0f g} la;{g] u/L ofbj s] ug{ Jo:t /x]eGg] s'/f eg] v'Ng ;s]sf] 5}g .
dGqL aGgnfO{ dl/xQ] eO/x]sf] kf6L{df ePsf dGqLn] klg zky vfg la;{g'nfO{
eg] g]kfnL /fhgLlt j[Qdf cToGt /f]rs ?kdf lnOPsf] 5 .dGqLn] zky vfg
lal;{Psf] g]kfnL /fhgLlts Oltxf;df ;Dejt of] klxnf] 36gf x'g ;Sb5 . To:t}
ofbjs} dGqfnodf /fHodGqLdf l;kml/z bfgaxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{klg a'waf/ zky
u|x0f ug{] ;fOt h'/]g . pgsf] kfl/jfl/s k|rng cg';f/ a'waf/ gofF sfd ug{
gx'g] / gofF n'uf;d]t nfpg gx'g] x'Fbf rf}w/Ln] dGqL kbsf] zky u|x0f u/]gg\ .
e'nSs8 dGqL / ;fOt gh'/]sf dGqLnfO{ cfh zky u|x0f u/fOg] a'lemPsf] 5 .
;/sf/sf]
>f4
sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn ;fd'bflos
pRr dfWoflds lzIfs o'lgogn] ;fgf]l7dLl:yt pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ifb\df
a'waf/ clglZrtsfnLg tfnfaGbL u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] ljutdf cfkm";Fu u/]sf] ;Demf}tf
sfof{Gjog gu/]sf] tyf ;]jf ;ldlt / k|fljlws ;ldltn] tof/ u/]sf] k|ltj]bg
sfof{Gjog gu/]sf] o'lgogn] hgfPsf] 5 . tfnfaGbL ug'{cl3 o'lgogn] t]x|
lbgb]lv /Tgkfs{sf] zflGtjfl6sfdf ub}{ cfPsf] rf}la; 3G6] l/n] cg;g;d]t
>f4 u/L tf]]8]sf] lyof] .
5'§f5'§} b'3{6gfdf tLghgfsf] Hofg uof]
sf7df8f}+ . dxf]Q/Lsf]
ufg/k'/f uflj;df 6\ofS6/ b'3{6gfdf k/L Pshgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . d[To'
x'g]df lhNnfsf] uf]g/k'/f $ a:g] #) jifL{o /fdj[If ;fx /x]sf 5g\ .
;fxsf] cfkm\g}
6\ofS6/af6 v]t hf]Tb} ubf{ clgolGqt eP/ klN6bfF 36gf:ynd} d[To' ePsf] xf] .
h ! t #$@( gDa/sf] cfkm\g} 6\ofS6/n] uf}g/k'/f # l:yt v]t hf]Tb} ubf{
;f] b'3{6gf ePsf] lyof] . ptf wg'iffsf] hd'gLaf; ;8s v08df b'O{ 6«s
cfk;df h'Wbf a'waf/ Pshgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg], rf/hgf 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ .
gf ! r (@^! gDa/ 6«s ljk/Lt lbzfaf6 cfO/x]sf] sf] ! r #(&@ gDa/ 6«s;Fu
h'w]sf] lyof] . b'3{6gfdf wgs'6f ;v'jf lgjf;L 6«s rfns /fhs'df/ a:g]tsf]
d[To' ePsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 3fOt]df /f}tx6sf b'uf{ ;fksf]6f,
lji0f'k'/sf ;Togf/fo0f d08n, g]kfnuGh kmQ]k'/sf /fhs'df/ rf}w/L / ;'g;/Lsf
/fdaxfb'/ a:g]t 5g\ .
To:t} k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{sf]
l;/xfsf] ufug vf]nf k'ndf ;z:q k|x/Lsf] uf8Ln] 7Ss/ lbFbf Ps k}bnofqLsf]
d[To' ePsf] 5 . cof]Wofgu/ # sf ^% jifL{o w|'knfn kl08tsf] 7Ss/af6 d[To'
ePsf] xf] . 7Ss/ lbg] k|x/Lsf] uf8Lsf] gDa/ Kn]6 v'Ng ;s]sf] 5}g .
Jofkf/L
ckx/0f ug]{ yk b'O{ kqmfp
sf7df8f}+ . Jofkf/L
dx]z ;f/8fsf] ckx/0fdf ;+nUg /x]sf b'O{ ef/tLo ckx/0fsf/L kqmfp k/]sf
5g\ . ckx/0fdf ;+nUg /x]sf ef/tLo k];]j/ ck/fwLx¿ df]lxt ltjf/L ækmf}hLÆ
/ csf{ dxDdb snfjtLnfO{ ef/tLo k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf] xf] . Jofkf/L
;f/8fnfO{ pgs} 3/af6 @@ h]7df ckx/0f u/L !$ nfv lkm/f}tL lnP/ #) h]7df
d'Qm ul/Psf] lyof] . k|x/Ln] pgsf] ckx/0fdf ;+nUg /x]sf lg/~hg vgfn,
x]daxfb'/ du/nufot ;fthgfsf] ;d"xnfO{ kqmfp ul/;s]sf] 5 .
r6\ofªdf
k/L dlxnfsf] Hofg uof]
sf7df8f}+ . af/fdf
k/]sf] r6\ofªdf k/L a'waf/ Ps dlxnfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . af/fsf] kqx6L (
sL /fhs'df/L kl08tsf] d[To' ePsf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . o;}aLr, 6«s
b'3{6gfdf k/L d[To' x'g] vnf;Lsf] zj a'em\g sf]xL gcfPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
ut h]7 @@ ut] e}/xjfaf6 sf7df8f}+ cfpFb} u/]sf] gf#v *%$( g+= sf] 6«s
wflbªsf] yfqm]df b'3{6gf x'Fbf rfns / vnf;Lsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . rfns
uf8L ;fx'sf] cfkmGt ePsf] x'Fbf pgsf] zj bfx;+:sf/ ePsf] ePklg ;nf{xL
xl/jg 3/ atfpg] vnf;L ;Gtf]if /fodfemLsf] zj a'em\g sf]xL gcfPsf] x'Fbf
l6lrª c:ktfnsf] lk|mhdf /flvPsf] atfOPsf] 5 .
;DkfbsLo
qm'/
ck/fwLs 36gf a[4L
/fhwfgLsf]
h'ljlnoG6 sn]hsL 5fqf VoftL >]i7sf] ckx/0f kZrft\ h'g lsl;dn] ljeT;
9+uaf6 xTof ePsf] 5 o;n]] dflg;df dfgjLo ;+j]bgf x/fpFb} uPsf] ;+s]t u/]sf]
5 ;fy} p;sf] lbdfudf ck/flws dgf]bzfn] h/f uf8\g yfn]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f
b]vfPsf] 5 .
of] 36gfn] g]kfnL ;dfh
slt qm'/ x'Fb} uPsf] 5 eGg]k|lt ;f]Rg ;a}nfO{ afWo klg kf/]sf] 5 . lzIff
h:tf] kljq k]zfdf 8]9 bzs latfPsf] Pp6f tyfslyt u'?n] To; lsl;dsf] h3Go
ck/fw ug{ pbQ x'G5 eg] cGo k]zf Joj;fodf nfu]sf / jiff}{b]lv ck/fwdf ;+nUgx¿sf]
dgf]bzf s] xf]nf < clxn] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .
/fhwfgLdf kl5Nnf
lbgdf km:6fpFb} uPsf] ckx/0fsf] v]tLsf] pkhsf ?kdf /x]sf] of] 36gfnfO{
;a} cleefjsdfq} xf]Og ;dfhsf x/]s c+un] uDeL/ eP/ ;f]Rg'kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
xfd|f] ;dfh slt qm'/ / ck/flws dgf]j[lQaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . xfdL To;af6
s;/L ;'/lIft x'g;S5f} < eGg] ljifodf ax; dfq} xf]Og Pp6f 7f]; lg0f{odf
k'Ug'kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
of] 36gfnfO{ kf7sf
?kdf lnO{ ;Eo / ;';+:s[t ;dfh lgdf{0fsf lglDt kxn ug'{ xfdL ;a}sf] st{Jo
xf] . ;fy;fy} o:tf ck/flws 36gfnfO{ k|>o lbg] vfnsf s'g} klg ultljwLk|lt
;r]t x'g' kb{5 .
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